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If Cisco retires a software release that is running on a network, it does not mean that the software should automatically be replaced on that network. In other words, if the software meets customer needs, the customer can continue to use it.

In addition, the Cisco TAC will continue to provide service and support for a retired software release until the release reaches the published, last date of support. The code selection process involves a number of different variables. Cisco recommends minimizing the number of software releases that are deployed in any network environment and establishing a software strategy that indicates which releases and images will be used by different devices that are deployed throughout the environment.

To maximize operational efficiency, it is ideal to use the same software release on devices that have similar hardware and feature deployments. For professional advice on which software releases to deploy in specific environments, contact Cisco Services. If there is no need to change the Cisco IOS Software or Cisco NX-OS Software release train that is used by a device, the general migration path for the device is to migrate to the latest software release from that train.

The latest release will include the most current software fixes, software features, and hardware support for the train. If the train has an end-of-sale announcement, the announcement will indicate recommended trains or releases to migrate to.

The examples include general guidelines; software selection must include analysis of outstanding caveats that apply to the environment where the software will be deployed. For minimum due diligence, administrators should review the open and fixed caveats section of the release notes for any software release under evaluation. Note: Software migration is an ongoing process that requires detailed planning.

Customers should work closely with their account managers when they inventory their software deployments and create a plan to migrate to more current releases. To minimize downtime during a software upgrade, administrators should review the in-service software upgrade ISSU instructions in the release notes for a release before they migrate to the release. Throughout the lifecycle of a software release, Cisco publishes software advisories for informational purposes.

These advisories often describe problems that are hardware-specific or occur under unusual circumstances and therefore do not affect most customers. Often, no customer action is required. However, the following communications do require customers to evaluate the potential impact of the underlying problem on their networks and take appropriate action:.

This document is part of the Cisco Security portal. Cisco provides the official information contained on the Cisco Security portal in English only. Your use of the information in the document or materials linked from the document is at your own risk. Cisco reserves the right to change or update this document without notice at any time. Provides Cisco IOS Software functionality and hardware support for enterprise, access, and commercial networks.

This software release family incorporates hardware support and software features that were introduced in the Cisco IOS Software This train is designed primarily for enterprise campus distribution and core applications. The first release in this train, Release Provides Cisco IOS Software functionality and hardware support for mid-range and low-end Ethernet LAN switching for enterprise access and distribution networks, and mid-range and low-end Metro Ethernet switching for service provider edge networks.

Amsterdam Provides an open and flexible operating system that is optimized for a new era of enterprise networks. The software provides standards-based programmable interfaces that automate network operations and enable deep visibility into user, application, and device behavior.

In addition, it reduces business and network complexity by providing a single operating system for enterprise wired and wireless access, aggregation, core, and WAN. New services can be qualified and deployed faster. Provides Cisco IOS XE Software functionality that is optimized for compact routers at the network edge, delivering in-service software upgrades and software redundancy in a form factor that is much smaller than was previously possible.

The software also provides Cisco IOS command-line control to provide a familiar look and feel for Cisco IOS Software users, and it includes the ability to restart processes individually, with emphasis on fault-management features and in-service software upgrades. Provides a modular and fully distributed network operating system that is designed to address the terabit scaling, secure virtualization, high availability, and distributed processing requirements of large, next-generation, service provider networks.

The software is based on a microkernel that supports preemptive multitasking and memory protection. Provides an extensible, open, and programmable operating system that is built to meet the demands of both physical and virtual data center deployments. The software delivers critical features, such as a modular and flexible architecture, continuous system availability, switch virtualization capabilities, network automation, and programmatic provisioning and configuration of switches via comprehensive APIs.

This software release family primarily supports the Cisco Nexus family of products and the Cisco MDS family of products. The software is available and runs in either of two modes, standalone mode or Application Centric Infrastructure ACI mode.

The administrator sees the end-of-life announcement for the When the administrator evaluated the end-of-life milestone for Release However, Release The administrator sees a new Cisco Security Advisory for a security vulnerability in the release. The administrator needs to deploy the fix for the vulnerability.

When the administrator assessed the risk of the vulnerability, they noted that the Therefore, the administrator decided to migrate to the latest release at the time for the The administrator needs the latest security and bug fixes, new features, and new hardware support.

When the administrator assessed the status and features of the release train, they decided to migrate to the latest release at the time for the train, which was Release 3. In addition, the administrator chose the latest rebuild of that release to ensure maximum coverage of available fixes for security vulnerabilities and bugs.

Verify what version of IOS image your switch is currently running. Most likely this will be same as the current IOS image file that you see in your flash card.

Download the latest IOS image for your cisco website Go to cisco. So, delete the current old image from the flash card. On a side note, you should be using some software to monitor your switch status. If you are not doing it install Nagios, and monitor your switches. If you are running a TFTPserver on your laptop, and connected to the switch using a console cable, assign a ip-address to your laptop, and put your laptop on the same network as the switch.

This will ask you to enter the address of the remote host which is your laptop in this case , and the source filename that needs to be transferred which is the ISO image you downloaded from cisco website. Just to make sure nothing went wrong during the copy, do a MD5 check-sum on this, and compare with the MD5 that you noted down from cisco website while downloading the IOS image.

Now it is time to tell switch cisco to use the new ISO image to boot from. Verify the current boot information, save the current configuration, and reboot the cisco switch as shown below.

Finally verify the current IOS version of the switch, after the upgrade, it should display the new version as shown below. Make sure to verify your interface and vlan status, to make sure everything is running properly without any issues. For step 4: If you downloaded a. Be aware that in this case the boot command will be: boot system switch all flash:cipbasek9-mz I think the engine messed up my archive command.

Hi Ramesh, Thank you for your steps. I am trying to upgrade Cisco IOS on my Then tftp the new Cisco IOS over? To minimize the risk associated with malicious code, it is important that network administrators develop and consistently apply a secure methodology for Cisco IOS software image management. Although processes may vary based on the network and its security and change management requirements, the following procedure represents an example of best practices that may help minimize the possibility of malicious code installation.

Change control is a mechanism through which changes being made to network devices are requested, approved, implemented, and audited. In the context of ensuring the authenticity of Cisco IOS software images used in the network, change control is relevant because it helps greatly when determining which changes have been authorized and which are unauthorized.

The server that is used to distribute software to Cisco IOS devices in the network is a critical component of network security. Several best practices should be implemented to help ensure the authenticity and integrity of software that is distributed from this server.

These best practices include:. Cisco IOS software used in the network must be kept up-to-date so that new security functionality can be leveraged and exposure to known vulnerabilities disclosed through Cisco Security Advisories is minimal. Cisco is continually evolving the security of Cisco IOS software images through the implementation of new security functionality and the resolution of bugs.

For these reasons, it is imperative that network administrators maintain their networks in a manner that includes using up-to-date software. Failure to do so could expose vulnerabilities that may be used to gain unauthorized access to a Cisco IOS device. The comprehensive implementation of Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting AAA is critical to ensuring the security of interactive access to network devices.

Furthermore, AAA, and specifically authorization and accounting functions, should be used to limit the actions authenticated users can perform in addition to providing an audit trail of individual user actions. Once AAA has been implemented to control which users can log in to particular network devices, access control should be implemented to limit from which IP addresses users may perform management functions on a network device.

This access control includes multiple security features and solutions to limit access to a device:. For network administrators to understand events taking place on a network, a comprehensive logging structure using centralized log collection and correlation must be implemented. Additionally, a standardized logging and time configuration must be deployed on all network devices to facilitate accurate logging. Furthermore, logging from the AAA functions in the network should be included in the centralized logging implementation.

Once comprehensive logging is in place on a network, the collected data must be used to monitor network activity for events that may indicate unauthorized access to a network device, or unauthorized actions by legitimate users. These types of events could represent the first step in undermining the security on a Cisco IOS device. Because the following items may represent unauthorized access or unauthorized actions, they should be monitored closely.

Network administrators can use one of several security features to verify the authenticity and integrity of Cisco IOS software images in use on their network devices. It is also possible to use a process that does not rely on features in the Cisco IOS software.

The following sections contain information on Cisco IOS software features and administrative processes that can be used to verify the authenticity and integrity of a Cisco IOS software image.

It also allows administrators to verify the calculated MD5 hash against that provided by the user. Once the MD5 hash value of the installed Cisco IOS image is determined, it can also be compared with the MD5 hash provided by Cisco to verify the integrity of the image file. It cannot be used to check the integrity of an image running in memory.

MD5 hash calculation and verification using the MD5 File Validation feature can be accomplished using the following command:.

Network administrators can also provide an MD5 hash to the verify command. Customers should have the product serial number available and be prepared to provide the URL of this advisory as evidence of entitlement to a free upgrade. What this all means is that, on a case-by-case basis, Cisco will provide you with updated software if they found serious vulnerability in prior software releases.

This will show you any CVEs outstanding for your device. COM and provide the following info:. Eventually, they will hand you off to one of their Entitlement Support personnel who may provide you with the download.

This seems to be their last ditch effort to keep you from updating your unsupported device to try and force you to upgrade.



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